Article Critique Of Prison Privatization - 967 Words

Article Critiques of Prison Privatization Tammy Martin Liberty University Abstract The following paper will examine two articles pertaining to prison privatization, and the reasons for advocacy for prison privatization, or for the opposition of prison privatization. Three authors write the first article examined the authors are Shaun Genter, Gregory Hooks, and Clayton Mosher. The article is entitled â€Å"Prisons, jobs and privatization: The impact of prisons on employment growth in rural US counties, 1997-2004† (Genter, Hooks, Mosher, 2013). Richard Kish and Amy Lipton write the second article reviewed. The title of the article is â€Å"Do Private Prisons Really offer Savings Compared with their Counterparts?† (Kish Lipton, 2013). This paper will discuss the economic costs for private prisons. Article Critiques of Prison Privatization Prison privatization is defined as prisons that are controlled by private corporations. (Genter Et al. 2013). The articles that are in comparison discuss the different views of prison privatization. Both articles will provide either statements advocating for private prisons, or give reasons for opposing it. The articles will provide information surrounding the pros or cons of the economic cost of privatization of prisons. Article 1 –Background The first article examined is the article written by Genter, Hooks, and Mosher entitled â€Å"Prisons, jobs and privatization: The impact of prisons on employment growth in rural USShow MoreRelatedEconomic Globalization Is The Growing Integration Of World Markets1696 Words   |  7 Pagesand rivalry. However, he does critique trade liberalization and multilateral international institutions that emerged out of Bretton Woods, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the World Bank for threatening state sovereignty. In his opinion, economic liberalism demands minimal government intervention in the market. Since institutions such as the WTO lead to government deregulation, globalism, and privatization, they force states to relinquishRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagespostmodernism anything new? The history Post-industrialism and the information society The virtual organization Neo-fordism, flexible spec ialization and post-fordism The regulation school Institutionalist school The ‘managerialist’ school The flexible firm – critique Postmodern organizations – the work of Stewart Clegg and Paul Heydebrand Conclusions 198 198 200 202 205 206 211 213 215 217 220 225 227 234 Chapter 6 Postmodernism as a philosophy: the ultimate challenge to organization theory? IntroductionRead MoreAn Impact Assessment of Science and Technology Policy on National Development of Nigeria61708 Words   |  247 PagesStatement of Hypothesis 1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1.7 Reference Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Historical Development of ST in Nigeria 2.3 Appraisal of Evaluation of ST in Nigeria 2.4 Emerging Realities 2.5 Critique of National Science and Technology Policies 2.6 Indicators of ST for Development 2.7 Impact of Research and Development on Society 2.8 Reference xi Chapter Three: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Research Design 3.3 The Study Population Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesJose C. Moya, â€Å"Migration,† in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2008). 3. Jan Lucassen and Leo Lucassen, â€Å"The Mobility Transition Revisited: Migration Patterns in Europe, 1500–1900,† unpublished article, forthcoming in Journal of Global History. The Lucassens also include soldiers in their calculations. This makes the increase less dramatic, growing from 15.7 percent in 1750–1800 to 35.3 percent in 1850–1900. But even with soldiers, the total number

The Poverty Balls And Evelyn And Tateh s Relationship

Since our earliest times, Americans have held pride in the claim that we are a middle class society that lacks class stratification. However, as we look back on our origins, it is clear that social class has played a role in our history, even in times when America was supposedly making great strides toward social and economic equality. While the Progressive Era was generally viewed a time of betterment for the United States, it was also a time when the wage gap reached a peak. In this paper, I will argue that the rich were so far removed from the poor that they perceived them with a sort of fascination and romanticism because they were so vastly different. I will demonstrate this through examining the poverty balls and Evelyn and Tateh’s†¦show more content†¦Evelyn stepped onto the street. She knelt down† (42). Here it is clear that Evelyn really does not belong in this neighborhood. She enters the area in a respectable vehicle driven by her chauffer, something very uncharacteristic of this place. It is of interest to note that when she gets out of the car, she kneels to the ground. This action performed, on presumably dirty streets that are not consistent with her normal standard of living, foreshadows that she will attempt to fully immerse herself in the slum and become a part of it. Upon interacting with the young girl and Tateh, she is immediately intrigued by their lives and buds an obsession with the family. This is apparent from her frequent visits; â€Å"Over a period of two weeks the old man executed over a hundreds and forty silhouette portraits of Evelyn. After each one she would hand him fifteen cents. Sometimes she demanded a portrait of the little girl. Tateh executed over ninety of these,† (44). Here again we see the vast difference between Evelyn’s mode of life and Tateh’s. While he is out working everyday, she uses her free time to carelessly spend almost thirty-five dollars on an excess of portraits. However, even though this is a complete waste of resources, it is initially the only way that she is able to get a glimpse into this foreign world and feed her curiosity. Her obsession with the family deepens as she is said to, â€Å"[sneak] off to her new love interest on the Lower East Side† (45). The way

Survivors Conquering the Antarctica Rage Free Essays

Organizations are in a constant need for a good leader – one who can stand out to deliver the desired ends and goals and in the process create leaders among its ranks as well. This is particularly true in our society today: driven by the increasing stress of competitiveness, material needs and wants as well as technological changes, an organization ceases to persist if it cannot develop and train a leader or a manager in every employee. The same is true in the health care industry where nurses and other health care providers have expanded responsibilities and now manages their own subordinates in order to deliver the best possible care that can be given to patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Survivors: Conquering the Antarctica Rage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence, within the framework of developing leaders and managers in every individual and surviving through challenges successfully, the story of Ernest Shackleton in Shackleton’s Way and his conquest of the wrath of Antartica presents a valuable lesson in leadership, motivation and management. Consequently, his saga and heroism is not only contained in the literary and science journals but also in management, leadership, sociology and psychology as well. For one, his leadership style and the manner by which he managed his crew of 27 in a two-year ordeal, with every one going home safe is a classic and a remarkable display of character and organizational skills. This paper evaluates Shackleton’s Way written by Morell and Capparell (2002) in lieu with his leadership and management style particularly in choosing the right people for the job, creating camaraderie among the group, developing the strengths and overcoming the weaknesses of the individuals and forming groups to overcome obstacles and creating leaders in the process. Particularly, an analysis of Shackleton’s leadership style, communication strategy, use of team management, conflict resolution and change innovation are explored in lieu with the ability of the whole crew to survive through the challenges of their Antarctica trip. This paper argues that meeting the desired goals/objectives of a group entails the commitment, the knowledge, skills and the positive attitude of individuals as directed by a good leader. Shackleton’s Way: Summary and Analysis Morrell and Capparell (2002) presented the dilemma of Shackleton’s Way in this scenario: captured by the ice of Antarctica for two years with twenty (27) men in tow and very limited resources including gas, food, medicine and other resources, how can one man bargain to save their lives when negotiation with their captor is impossible? Morell and Capparell (2002) trace how the great Ernest Shackleton had turned this tragedy into a voyage that became a legend. In the first parts of the book, the authors traced the character and leadership style of Shackleton: amidst the rat race in the corporate world, he worked with respectful competitiveness and turned his bad experiences and weaknesses into lessons to make him a better person. Morrell and Capparell (2002) presented that the character that Shackleton would show in his voyage was shaped through his childhood years and were learned from his family. For instance, his exposure to different cultures made him realize the diversity of people and in learning different attitudes, behaviors and priorities. In succeeding chapters, we see Shackleton knowing the value of hiring the right people for the job. With his eye for optimism and talent, he gave the best renumeration possible to people he thought are the best in the job among those whom he interviewed. Knowing fully well that his people are competent, he abolished the traditional vertical hierarchy in organizations and instead created team management in order to make the crew realize their value in the whole expedition and the organization. This allowed him to get the best work done by each individual- making them realize their value and giving them importance through one-on-one talks. Through optimism and confidence, Shackleton was able to guide his people to the goal that he had laid down to achieve and resolving conflicts with justice and impartiality. More importantly, his team management and implementation of group dynamics- assigning teams, balancing them and ensuring that their tasks are proportional with their capabilities had been critical in their success. Furthermore, Shackleton in the process created leaders among his crew. After the expedition, he provided an invaluable insight to the group and how society can improve through his ways can still be applied today. As indicated, the primary strength of the book is how it provided the reader with a step-by-step account of how Shackleton’s leadership was developed- including his personal history and extending into his business ventures and the Antarctic voyage. While several books have already provided us an account of Shackleton, no book has explored it using the leadership and management literature as much as how Morrell and Capparell (2002) traced and retraced the steps undertaken by Shackleton in succeeding Antarctica. For instance, in terms of Shackleton’s leadership style, the authors started from his innate capacities as a leader and how he valued the process of recruitment using unique methods to determine character and in creating a group dynamics that allows for his talented crew members to provide their output. His leadership style is therefore democratic and he can be considered as a charismatic leader. Morrell and Capparell (2002) devoted a lengthy and informative showcase of how Shackleton can be considered as such- with confidence and optimism, he was able to facilitate and regroup his crew to attain the maximum possible output that he wants to attain. This was done first by showing them the overall picture and locating each crew from that plan. By doing so, Shackleton and the authors motivated the crew and showed how their plan will not work without one member. How could he have created such group coherence in the middle of so much conflict? The primary tool as aptly shown by the book is the manner by which Shackleton communicates with each crew member. He opted to resolve conflict through one-on-one discussions and through constructive conflict resolution. By trying to look for solutions instead of blaming, he was shown by the authors to be a good conflict negotiator. On this note, the authors have succeeded in showing the readers how communication can be done. In terms of team management, his group dynamics were clearly illlustrated by Morrell and Capparell (2002) when they examined how Shackleton divided his group into two- leaving 22 of his men in an island and bringing the others to find food. Choosing the ones who would be left behind due to illness and bringing the ones who can best deliver the goods showed how Shackleton maximizes their resources as well as in knowing who can best do the job. As a change innovator, Morrell and Capparell (2002) in the latter part of the book had showcased how the crew members became leaders in their own right after learning from Shackleton. Primarily, the strength of the book is that it can serve as an informative as well as an academic resource for all organizations. Second, the manner by which the narratives were sewn together to fit how leadership is through Shackleton’s way makes the readers appreciate the value of leadership and of the organization. Finally, the book is entertaining enough to be read and understoob by a wide range of audience. On the other hand, the book’s primary weakness is its inability to provide comparisons with other legendary leaders. This could have given the readers the chance to compare the leadership style of Shackleton with others. Consequently, in today’s modern organization, the lack of connection and the attempt to apply it amidst workers of today seems to be missing. Implication and Application to Nursing and Health Care Practice Leadership is universal in nature- regardless of the organization and its needs, leaders have common characteristics that make them effective. In the healthcare organization, leadership is no longer the strictly vertical hierarchy- more and more independence is given to nurses and other practitioners. For one, the emergence of positions such as Licensed Vocational Nursing, Licensed Practical Nursing, Nursing Assistants, etc. ompels nurses to develop their own leadership styles. For instance, as a provider of care to patients, the nurse delegates’ tasks, supervises their subordinates, reports to their superiors as well as plan the care of the patient to reach the goals of care. Therefore, gone are the days when nurses are dependent on their physicians for their actions . Similar to the experiences of Shackleton, nurses and health care practitioners can gain important insights on how team management can be organized in order to provide continuous patient care. In nursing for instance, nurses works in functional system where each shift would have a nurse and allied professionals, the ability to coordinate, collaborate, negotiate with the team, allocate resources to ensure that all patients are given care, and pursue both short-term and long-term goals are now the roles of nurses. Consequently, nurses are considered to be the primary caretaker among health care professionals because they are the ones who are with the patients most of time. Therefore, nurses’ serve as advocates to physicians and other health care professionals. In doing so, the lack of leadership of nurses can lead to inadequate provision of care. Accordingly, Shackleton provided a valuable lesson on how nurses can rise up to the ranks to be head nurses, supervisors and even administrators in the same way that Shackleton’s crew became successful managers and leaders. For one, as shown in the book, a leader becomes a follower first. Leading without knowing how to follow is disastrous. This is because the value of respect as shown through good communication and motivation can only be shown by someone who had been through the process of following. Thus, while there are innate qualities for leadership, it is highly developed. Consequently, strength of character particularly confidence, optimism and willpower which were essential qualities in the success of Shackleton are important qualities for nurses- not only in direct patient care but also in managing other staff nurses. Essentially, Shackleton’s Way provides an insightful manner by which leadership is connected to character and how it can be honed in an organization. For health care practitioners and nurses, this book provides a vivid and comprehensive display on how leaders are made and how they handle people. Ethical, Political and Social Consequences of Shackleton’s Way While far from being the best leader in the literature, Shackleton’s Way was able to impart the simplicity of how leadership can be done: that is showing compassion to your people and your goals, as well as respecting the rights of each individual. In doing so, one becomes an ethical leader and in the process, gains the respect of their members. For one, it could have been easy for Shackleton to abandon his crew and save himself or just bring the strongest ones to help him escape Antarctica. However, he worked in a way that would bring the best in every individual and in the process save them all. In present organizations, we see leaders and managers using people for their own advancement. It is common that those in the top positions use politics to get ahead. This is also true in our society- whether the government or in private sectors. It is almost impossible to say that one got ahead without stepping on another’s shoe. However, the ethics and politics of leadership in Shackleton’s Way believed and showed otherwise. For one, we see the purpose of Shackleton- it is ethically and morally sound: for all of them to survive regardless if he risks his own life in doing so. Even in the healthcare industry and particularly in politics, turn coating and saving one’s own face has been very common- to a point where the youth regards it as the status quo. However, Shackleton’s Way proved that leaders in any organization can choose the harder and more complicated way but one that is just, humane and effective. How to cite Survivors: Conquering the Antarctica Rage, Papers

Metabical Case Solution free essay sample

Since this is the first prescription drug for overweight people, reference prices are compared to many non-exact substitutes that will factor into the price sensitivity of the market. Additionally, unlike other drugs in CPS portfolio, its unlikely that healthcare payors will cover the cost of Metabical. Since medically, the drug is most effective when taken for a full 12 weeks and financially, profits are maximized when consumers purchase a full 12 weeks, Barbara must consider what mix of pricing and packaging will create the best balance to maximize both of these. Recommendations Packaging Printup must first address her packaging issue to manufacturing can commence. Given the pricing options and demand models, I recommend that CSP packages Metabical in 4-week blister packs. In any of the demand models created by Printup, CSP can expect demand to drop off for the second and third unit of sales. CSP can also expect a high ROI from the 4-week packs, provided the pricing is right. We will write a custom essay sample on Metabical Case Solution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pricing With packaging addressed, Printup must select the most effective price point for Metabical 4-week packs. With 3 demand models and 3 price point recommendations, Printup has 9 scenarios that can be evaluated for ROI, acceptance by the market, and strength. I recommend Printup selects the $125 price point for Metabical. CSP can expect an acceptable ROI under any of the demand models and likely will at least 36%, for $1. 6 billion in profit over 5 years. (See attachment for analysis. ) Rationale Packaging 12 week vs 4 week package Even under the most aggressive demand model, the price of each unit must be $125 to create a positive ROI in a 12-week pack scenario (see attachment). A 12-week supply package would then total $405, which I believe is well outside the acceptable range of prices customers would accept, given reference prices. To reflect this decrease in demand, in my ROI modeling (see attachment), I decreased the most aggressive demand model by half to better model this price. While a 4-week unit package would ultimately decrease the likely number of units sold, I believe that the lower price will be more acceptable to consumers, giving CSP a likelihood of a strong market share, ROI and ultimately profits. -week packaging also psychologically aligns with consumers’ idea of diet pills. Although this is a prescription drug, most consumers will be paying 100% out of pocket. A smaller price tag will make the drug more accessible and align with the packaging of other drugs. Printup herself acknowledged that while they may be able to have the 12-week package accepted by the FDA (it was within standard dosing range), the price point of that package may be â€Å"out of reach for many individuals. † Pricing 75/unit option Only in the most aggressive of demand models (Scenario 2) does this price option deliver an acceptable ROI. This price point may indeed increase demand and market adoption of Metabical (rendering Printup’s model inaccurate), but given the analysis of demand, it’s too aggressive of an approach and will leave significant profits on the table for CSP. Printup would not be able to feel confident her recommendation knowing that 2/3 models did not delver ROI. $125/unit option This scenario gives CSP an acceptable ROI (7-135%) ROI based in any demand model. At that price point, Metabical also has a large margin of safety, needing to sell only 4. 2 million over 5 year units to break even. Even in the most conservative model, CSP is expected to sell that many units in 2 years. When compared to reference prices, the $125 price point reflects the premium value of the drug without being outside the range of psychologically acceptable prices for consumers. This would help optimize demand of the product, not leaving profits on the table but also not pricing out consumers who are willing to pay a reasonable price for a weight loss drug. Additionally, this price model is not only the best terms of maximizing profits, but also aligns with CSP’s historical pricing unit. While â€Å"doing it how we’ve always done it† is a bad pricing habit, in this case, the analysis confirms that $125 is the best option. This should make her recommendation easier to â€Å"sell† internally as well. 150/unit option This option is significantly higher than the reference prices used in analysis, meaning consumers are significantly less likely to purchase it. Knowing this, the 48-202% ROIs calculated the demand models seems inflated and unrealistic. I think this price point could even drop the demand in half, making the ROI look more like $125 analysis. I imagine that consumers would start to compare $150 a month to other things they pay $150 for: a week of groceries, a cell phone bill, a cable amp; internet bill, gas, etc. They may have hard time justifying the value of the drug at this price point and opt for a lower priced alternative, whether it’s Alli or a gym membership. Conclusion Barbara Printup has done an adequate job creating data related to price models and demand scenarios in order to provide thoughtful analysis for Metabical pricing and packaging. Through further analysis of her models, a $125 price point and 4-week package should maximize profits for CSP and help Metabical gain market share as expected.